Let’s start learning tenses in Turkish language. We will do it like; First some meanings of the verbs we will use, then we will look at the usage according to personal pronouns, then we will explain the suffixes. In the first lesson, we will learn positive sentence structure in simple present tense(Geniş zamanda olumlu cümle yapısı). Here we go…

git(mek) = (to) go
gel(mek) = (to) come
yap(mak) = (to) do
getir(mek) = (to) bring
götür(mek) = (to) take , take away, carry
uyu(mak) = (to) sleep

(I think that’s enough for now. I tried to write the verbs with all different vowels.)

Ben gid-(e)r-im.
Sen gid-(e)r-sin.
O gid-(e)r.
Biz gid-(e)r-iz.
Siz gid-(e)r-sin-iz.
Onlar gid-(e)r-(ler).
(p.s. : If you add a suffix to the words ending with “t” it becomes “d” like above.)
Ben gel-(i)r-im.
Sen gel-(i)r-sin.
O gel-(i)r.
Biz gel-(i)r-iz.
Siz gel-(i)r-sin-iz.
Onlar gel-(i)r-(ler).

Ben yap-(a)r-ım.
Sen yap-(a)r-sın.
O yap-(a)r.
Biz yap-(a)r-ız.
Siz yap-(a)r-sın-ız.
Onlar yap-(a)r-(lar).

Ben getir-(i)r-im.
Sen getir-(i)r-sin.
O getir-(i)r.
Biz getir-(i)r-iz.
Siz getir-(i)r-sin-iz.
Onlar getir-(i)r-(ler).

Ben götür-(ü)r-üm.
Sen götür-(ü)r-sün.
O götür-(ü)r.
Biz götür-(ü)r-üz.
Siz götür-(ü)r-sün-üz.
Onlar götür-(ü)r-(ler).

Ben uyu-()r-um.
Sen uyu-()r-sun.
O uyu-()r.
Biz uyu-()r-uz.
Siz uyu-()r-sun-uz.
Onlar uyu-()r-(lar).

As you can see, vowels in the suffixes change according to the previous vowels.

- Here (x)r is the suffix for Geniş Zaman.

After “a” in the root of the verb, x will be “a” or “ı”. (yap-(a)r-ım, al-(ı)r-ım)

After “e” in the root of the verb, x will be “e” or “i”. (gel-(i)r-im, sev-(e)r-im)

After “ı” in the root of the verb, x will be “a”. (yık-(a)r-ım (to destroy))

After “i” in the root of the verb, x will be “e”. (gid-(e)r-im)

After “o” in the root of the verb, x will be “a”. (sor-(a)r-ım (to ask))

After “ö” in the root of the verb, x will be “ü” or “e”. (öl-(ü)r-üm (to die), ör-(e)r-im (to knit))

After “u” in the root of the verb, x will be “a”. (tut-(a)r-ım (to hold, to keep , to grab, to catch))

After “ü” in the root of the verb, x will be “e”. (üz-(e)r-im (to agitate))

If verb ends with a vowel, there will be no need for another vowel, just put an “r”. Yürü-r-üm(to walk); ye-r-im(to eat); oku-r-um(to read).

- And the second seperations are for describing personal pronouns.

If the previous vowels are “a” or “ı” it will be “ı”; yap-(a)r-(ı)m, al-(ı)r-(ı)m

If the previous vowels are “e”, “i” it will be “i”, gel-(i)r-(i)m, sev-(e)r-(i)m

If the previous vowels are “o”, “u” it will be “u”, oku-()r-(u)m, no example for “o” (because, no such verb we have in Turkish).

If the previous vowels are “ö”, “ü” it will be “ü”, öl-(ü)r-(ü)m, no example for “ö”.

p.s. : These are also valid for other person suffixes as you can see above in the example sentences…

I hope you can solve this puzzle

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