8th Lesson – Cümle Yapısı (Sentence Structure)
In Turkish, sentence structures are different from those in English. Basic sentence structure in Turkish is :
Subject – Object – Verb
Özne – Nesne – Yüklem
Örnek ( Example) :
(positive sentences)
Ali at-a bak. (Ali, look at the horse.)
Ali top-u tut. (Ali, catch the ball.)
Ali ev-e gel. (Ali, come home.)
Ali okul-a git. (Ali, go to school.)
(negative sentences : there are several types of making a sentence negative, here is one.)
Ali at-a bak-ma. (Ali, don’t look at the horse.)
Ali top-u tut-ma. (Ali, don’t catch the ball.)
Ali eve gel-me. (Ali, don’t come home.)
Ali okul-a git-me. (Ali, don’t go to school.)
Sentences above are Imperative sentences, with no tense. So verbs doesn’t take any suffixes, but negative ones. -me, -ma at the end of the verb gives a negative meaning. (do not)
Some question sentences with past tense:
Ali at-a bak-tı mı? (Did Ali look at the horse?)
Ali top-u tut-tu mu? (Did Ali catch the ball?)
Ali ev-e gel-di mi? (Did Ali come home?)
Ali okul-a git-ti mi? (Did Ali go to school?)
Here -dı, -di, -du, -dü, -tı, -ti, -tu, -tü makes the sentence past tense, we will talk about later.
And mı, mi, mu, mü (they are written seperate) makes it question.
As you can see here objects are not used alone. All of them has a suffix. According to the words and accorting to the verbs, objects cant take different suffixes. That’s all for now. See you in the next lesson. Before I mentioned about the tenses, I thought it would be better to explain the structure. So, next lesson will be Geniş Zaman (Simple Present Tense), see you then… Previous Lesson – Günaydın! (Good Morning!) | Next Lesson – Geniş Zaman (Simple Present Tense)
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Still in this lesson’s puzzle. It’s fine with the 9th lesson, but here, I can’t understan the dative case and the accusative case. I think it’s different with the English grammar. Isn’t it?
Yeah it’s really different
Wait for it, I will help in a few days…
I’m not so good at grammar, is that dative case and accusative case mean the same in both Turkish and English? Because I can’t tell the difference in your example sentences…
Here I got an eg.
I wrote him a letter.
In English, ‘him’ is an indirect object, so it’s using as a dative case. So if it’s written in Turkish, it should plus ‘-a’ or ‘-e’. Right?
Also in the sentence, ‘letter’ is a direct object, so it’s using as an accusative case. So if it’s written in Turkish, it should plus ‘-i’ or ‘-u’. Right?
If you say ‘I wrote him a letter’ it’s ‘Ona bir mektup yazdım’, but if you say ‘I wrote him the letter’ it’s ‘Mektub-u ona yazdım’. There is a difference between the usage of ‘the’ and ‘a’ in Turkish. I will tell you about it later.
•Question:
In the at-a, top-u, ev-e, okul-a, what does ‘-a’ ’-u’ ’-e’ stand for?
╣ They are the suffixes that are entailed by the verbs’ cases. For example, if you want to use “bak(mak)” verb, you have to add “-a” or “-e” suffixes to the object that you look. Because this verb is used in the dative case.
╣ If you ask which one I should use, it is decided by the vowel in the previous syllable.
• “-a” for the vowels “a”, ”ı”, “o”, “u” (First group);
• “-e” for the vowels “e”, “i”, “ö”, “ü” (Second group).
e.g.
– Look at me => Bana bak.
– Look at the girl => Kız-a bak.
– Look at the board => Tahta-(y)a bak. (y here is put between to vowels because you can’t use a vowel after another.)
– Look at the people => İnsan-lar-a bak. (“-lar”, “-ler” here means plural)
╣ Some verbs are used in accusative case. Like tut(mak). In this case object takes;
•“-ı” for “a”, “ı”; (Kapı-(y)ı tut, Lamba-(y)ı tut.)
•“-i” for “e”, “i”; (Ben-i tut, Resim-i tut. [Here “Resimi”
)
becomes “Resmi” and its another lesson]
•“-u” for “o”, “u”; (Top-u tut, Hortum-u tut.)
•“-ü” for “ö”, “ü”. (Üzüm-ü tut, Söz-ün-ü tut. [Söz(word, promise)-ün(suffixes means your)-ü tut(keep) => Keep your promise.
])
╣ That’s it for now I will mention it more when we have Cases’ Lessons… Sonra görüşürüz.
Kapı-y-ı tut, Lamba-y-ı tut.
Ben-i tut, Resim-i tut.
Top-u tut, Hortum-u tut.
Üzüm-ü tut, Söz-ün-ü tut.
Please translate them…I can just guess their meanings~
They don’t make sense, just to give examples…
Kapıyı tut = hold the door.
Lambayı tut = hold the lamp.
Topu tut = hold(or catch) the ball.
Hortumu tut = hold the hose.
Üzümü tut = hold grapes.
Sözünü tut = keep your word(or promise).
That’s it.